Vamos ver como criar um bloco de notas simples em Python usando Tkinter. Esta GUI do bloco de notas consistirá em vários menus como arquivo e edição, usando as quais todas as funcionalidades como salvar o arquivo, abrir um arquivo, editar, recortar e colar podem ser feitas.

Agora, para criar este bloco de notas, Python 3 e Tkinter já devem estar instalados em seu sistema. Você pode baixar o pacote python adequado de acordo com os requisitos do sistema. Depois de instalar o python com sucesso, você precisa instalar o Tkinter (um pacote GUI do Python).

Use este comando para instalar o Tkinter: 

pip install python-tk

Importando Tkinter:

import tkinter
import os
from tkinter import *
 
# To get the space above for message
from tkinter.messagebox import *
 
# To get the dialog box to open when required
from tkinter.filedialog import *

Nota: messagebox é usado para escrever a mensagem na caixa de branco chamado bloco de notas e filedialog é usado para a caixa de diálogo aparecer quando você está abrindo arquivo de qualquer lugar no seu sistema ou salvar o arquivo em uma posição ou lugar particular. 
  
Adicionando Menu:

# Add controls(widget)
 
self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky = N + E + S + W)
 
# To open new file
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "New",
                                command = self.__newFile)
 
# To open a already existing file
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Open",
                                command = self.__openFile)
 
# To save current file
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Save",
                                command = self.__saveFile)
 
# To create a line in the dialog
self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()
 
# To terminate
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Exit",
                                command = self.__quitApplication)
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "File",
                               menu = self.__thisFileMenu)
 
# To give a feature of cut
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Cut",
                                command = self.__cut)
 
# To give a feature of copy
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Copy",
                                command = self.__copy)
 
# To give a feature of paste
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Paste",
                                command = self.__paste)
 
# To give a feature of editing
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Edit",
                               menu = self.__thisEditMenu)
 
# To create a feature of description of the notepad
self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label = "About Notepad",
                                command = self.__showAbout)
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Help",
                               menu = self.__thisHelpMenu)
 
self.__root.config(menu = self.__thisMenuBar)
 
self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y)
 
# Scrollbar will adjust automatically
# according to the content
self.__thisScrollBar.config(command = self.__thisTextArea.yview)
self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand = self.__thisScrollBar.set)

Com este código adicionaremos o menu nas janelas do nosso bloco de notas e adicionaremos a ele coisas como copiar, colar, salvar etc. 
  
Adicionando a funcionalidade:

def __quitApplication(self):
    self.__root.destroy()
    # exit()
 
def __showAbout(self):
    showinfo("Notepad", "Mrinal Verma")
 
def __openFile(self):
         
    self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",
                                  filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),
                                      ("Text Documents","*.txt")])
 
    if self.__file == "":
 
        # no file to open
        self.__file = None
    else:
        # try to open the file
        # set the window title
        self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
        self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)
 
        file = open(self.__file,"r")
 
        self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read())
 
        file.close()
 
         
def __newFile(self):
    self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
    self.__file = None
    self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)
 
def __saveFile(self):
 
    if self.__file == None:
        #save as new file
        self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',
                                        defaultextension=".txt",
                                        filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),
                                            ("Text Documents","*.txt")])
 
        if self.__file == "":
            self.__file = None
        else:
             
            # try to save the file
            file = open(self.__file,"w")
            file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))
            file.close()
            # change the window title
            self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
                 
             
    else:
        file = open(self.__file,"w")
        file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))
        file.close()
 
def __cut(self):
    self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>")
 
def __copy(self):
    self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>")
 
def __paste(self):
    self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")

Nisto adicionamos todas as funcionalidades que são necessárias no bloco de notas, você pode adicionar outras funcionalidades também como o tamanho da fonte, cor da fonte, negrito, sublinhado, etc. 

Código principal após mesclar tudo:

import tkinter
import os   
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *
 
class Notepad:
 
    __root = Tk()
 
    # default window width and height
    __thisWidth = 300
    __thisHeight = 300
    __thisTextArea = Text(__root)
    __thisMenuBar = Menu(__root)
    __thisFileMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
    __thisEditMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
    __thisHelpMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
     
    # To add scrollbar
    __thisScrollBar = Scrollbar(__thisTextArea)    
    __file = None
 
    def __init__(self,**kwargs):
 
        # Set icon
        try:
                self.__root.wm_iconbitmap("Notepad.ico")
        except:
                pass
 
        # Set window size (the default is 300x300)
 
        try:
            self.__thisWidth = kwargs['width']
        except KeyError:
            pass
 
        try:
            self.__thisHeight = kwargs['height']
        except KeyError:
            pass
 
        # Set the window text
        self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
 
        # Center the window
        screenWidth = self.__root.winfo_screenwidth()
        screenHeight = self.__root.winfo_screenheight()
     
        # For left-align
        left = (screenWidth / 2) - (self.__thisWidth / 2)
         
        # For right-align
        top = (screenHeight / 2) - (self.__thisHeight /2)
         
        # For top and bottom
        self.__root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (self.__thisWidth,
                                              self.__thisHeight,
                                              left, top))
 
        # To make the textarea auto resizable
        self.__root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.__root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
 
        # Add controls (widget)
        self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky = N + E + S + W)
         
        # To open new file
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="New",
                                        command=self.__newFile)   
         
        # To open a already existing file
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Open",
                                        command=self.__openFile)
         
        # To save current file
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Save",
                                        command=self.__saveFile)   
 
        # To create a line in the dialog       
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()                                        
        self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Exit",
                                        command=self.__quitApplication)
        self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="File",
                                       menu=self.__thisFileMenu)    
         
        # To give a feature of cut
        self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Cut",
                                        command=self.__cut)            
     
        # to give a feature of copy   
        self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Copy",
                                        command=self.__copy)        
         
        # To give a feature of paste
        self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Paste",
                                        command=self.__paste)        
         
        # To give a feature of editing
        self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Edit",
                                       menu=self.__thisEditMenu)    
         
        # To create a feature of description of the notepad
        self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label="About Notepad",
                                        command=self.__showAbout)
        self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Help",
                                       menu=self.__thisHelpMenu)
 
        self.__root.config(menu=self.__thisMenuBar)
 
        self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)                   
         
        # Scrollbar will adjust automatically according to the content       
        self.__thisScrollBar.config(command=self.__thisTextArea.yview)    
        self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand=self.__thisScrollBar.set)
     
         
    def __quitApplication(self):
        self.__root.destroy()
        # exit()
 
    def __showAbout(self):
        showinfo("Notepad","Mrinal Verma")
 
    def __openFile(self):
         
        self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",
                                      filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),
                                        ("Text Documents","*.txt")])
 
        if self.__file == "":
             
            # no file to open
            self.__file = None
        else:
             
            # Try to open the file
            # set the window title
            self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
            self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)
 
            file = open(self.__file,"r")
 
            self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read())
 
            file.close()
 
         
    def __newFile(self):
        self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
        self.__file = None
        self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END)
 
    def __saveFile(self):
 
        if self.__file == None:
            # Save as new file
            self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',
                                            defaultextension=".txt",
                                            filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"),
                                                ("Text Documents","*.txt")])
 
            if self.__file == "":
                self.__file = None
            else:
                 
                # Try to save the file
                file = open(self.__file,"w")
                file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))
                file.close()
                 
                # Change the window title
                self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
                 
             
        else:
            file = open(self.__file,"w")
            file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END))
            file.close()
 
    def __cut(self):
        self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>")
 
    def __copy(self):
        self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>")
 
    def __paste(self):
        self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")
 
    def run(self):
 
        # Run main application
        self.__root.mainloop()
 
 
 
 
# Run main application
notepad = Notepad(width=600,height=400)
notepad.run()

Para executar este código, salve-o com a extensão .py e, em seguida, abra cmd (prompt de comando) e vá para o local do arquivo salvo e escreva o seguinte 

python "filename".py 

e pressione Enter e ele será executado. Ou pode ser executado diretamente com um simples clique duplo no arquivo de extensão .py .
 

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